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OBJECTIVES@#To explore the changes of elbow flexor muscle strength after musculocutaneous nerve injury and its correlation with needle electromyography (nEMG) parameters.@*METHODS@#Thirty cases of elbow flexor weakness caused by unilateral brachial plexus injury (involving musculocutaneous nerve) were collected. The elbow flexor muscle strength was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) based on Lovett Scale. All subjects were divided into Group A (grade 1 and grade 2, 16 cases) and Group B (grade 3 and grade 4, 14 cases) according to their elbow flexor muscle strength of injured side. The biceps brachii of the injured side and the healthy side were examined by nEMG. The latency and amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. The type of recruitment response, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential were recorded when the subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction. The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was measured by portable microFET 2 Manual Muscle Tester. The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength (the ratio of quantitative muscle strength of the injured side to the healthy side) was calculated. The differences of nEMG parameters, quantitative muscle strength and residual elbow flexor muscle strength between the two groups and between the injured side and the healthy side were compared. The correlation between elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification, quantitative muscle strength and nEMG parameters was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After musculocutaneous nerve injury, the percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength in Group B was 23.43% and that in Group A was 4.13%. Elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification was significantly correlated with the type of recruitment response, and the correlation coefficient was 0.886 (P<0.05). The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was correlated with the latency and amplitude of CMAP, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential, and the correlation coefficients were -0.528, 0.588, 0.465 and 0.426 (P<0.05), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength can be used as the basis of muscle strength classification, and the comprehensive application of nEMG parameters can be used to infer quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength.
Subject(s)
Humans , Elbow , Electromyography , Musculocutaneous Nerve , Elbow Joint/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscle Strength , Peripheral Nerve InjuriesABSTRACT
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased significantly worldwide. Under the situation that some conventional drugs have significant side effects, and biological and immunosuppressive agents are expensive, exploring the safe and effective probiotics to improve the effect of traditional drugs may become a reliable way to ease the economic burden of patients and improve the quality of life. As a probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii has a long history of use, and has shown some effectiveness in animal models with colitis and in clinical trials. This article reviewed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Saccharomyces boulardii on IBD.
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The lower extremity impairment can be caused by illness, accident, work-related injury, traf-fic accident and fighting, etc. The injuries of lower extremity joint, nerve, muscle and tendon may lead to lower extremity dysfunction. So far, there is no unified standard for international and domestic function evaluation of lower extremity impairment, the evaluation standards in the same field are also different, and function evaluation of lower extremity impairment has no complete research system. However, the degree of lower extremity impairment has great influence on personal damage compensation. Therefore, the function evaluation of lower extremity impairment often becomes a dispute issue in forensic medicine identification. This article summarizes the function evaluation standards, methods and status quo of lower extremity impairment, so as to provide a new insight into the research on standardization of lower extremity impairment.
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Accurate evaluation of muscle function helps to understand the recovery of muscle, bone, nervous system diseases or injuries, especially for muscle dysfunction caused by peripheral nerve injury.Therefore, the methods of muscle function evaluation have been the focus of researchers, with new methods having been constantly proposed.Muscle strength testing is an important part of muscle function evaluation.Besides hand muscle strength assessment, currently used muscle function assessments include simple instrumental test, isokinetic muscle test, electrophysiological test, etc.In addition, the application of needle electromyography, motor unit number estimation, motion unit index in muscle function evaluation has also been reported for several times.This paper reviews the research progress and practical application of these methods.
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OBJECTIVES@#To study the injury manners of Bennett fracture and Rolando fracture and explore its identification principle of the first metacarpal base fractures.@*METHODS@#Totally 31 cases of Bennett fracture and Rolando fracture were collected. The injury manners of cases of 19 Bennett fractures and 12 Rolando fracture were classified, and various injury manners were analysed statistically.@*RESULTS@#The injury manners of the cases of 19 Bennett fracture and 12 Rolando fracture were divided into three types, including the first metacarpus hit hard objects during a punching, the first metacarpus hit hard objects when making fists and fell, or the first metacarpus was punched by hard objects when making fists.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The injury mechanism of Bennett fracture and Rolando fracture is formed by a force on the first metacarpus when making fists, which transmits to the basilar part along the vertical axis of metacarpus. The inference of injury manners should be focused on the confirmation of entrusted matters.
Subject(s)
Humans , Epiphyses , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Metacarpus/injuries , Thumb/injuriesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo determine a measurement standard of irregular scar area by comparing the ad-vantages and disadvantages of different measurement methods in measuring same irregular scar area. MethodsIrregular scar area was scanned by digital scanning and measured by coordinate reading method, AutoCAD pixel method, Photoshop lasso pixel method, Photoshop magic bar filled pixel method and Foxit PDF reading software, and some aspects of these methods such as measurement time, repeata-bility, whether could be recorded and whether could be traced were compared and analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the scar areas by the measurement methods above. However, there was statistical difference in the measurement time and repeatability by one or multi performers and only Foxit PDF reading software could be traced back.ConclusionThe methods above can be used for measuring scar area, but each one has its advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to develop new measurement software for forensic identification.
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OBJECTIVES@#To determine a measurement standard of irregular scar area by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement methods in measuring same irregular scar area.@*METHODS@#Irregular scar area was scanned by digital scanning and measured by coordinate reading method, AutoCAD pixel method, Photoshop lasso pixel method, Photoshop magic bar filled pixel method and Foxit PDF reading software, and some aspects of these methods such as measurement time, repeatability, whether could be recorded and whether could be traced were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the scar areas by the measurement methods above. However, there was statistical difference in the measurement time and repeatability by one or multi performers and only Foxit PDF reading software could be traced back.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The methods above can be used for measuring scar area, but each one has its advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to develop new measurement software for forensic identification.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropometry/methods , Cicatrix/pathology , SoftwareABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of garlic oil combined with 5-FU induced apoptosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-M.@*METHOD@#Human salivary in adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line AC-M was cultured, divided into the experimental group (5-FU group, garlic oil group, garlic oil + 5-FU group) and the control group, to observe the growth activity of tumor cells by MTT methods; to analyse the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry.@*RESULT@#MTT experiments showed that 5-FU, garlic oil, garlic oil and 5-FU on ACC-M cells have inhibition in different concentration, with the increase of concentration and action time of the rise; Cell cycle analysis showed significant changes in flow cytometry. With the increase of concentration and the acting time, the G0/G1, phase of the cell ratio increased, S had no significant change, but G2/M phase cells decreased. Apoptosis rate display showed garlic oil combined with 5-FU induced apoptosis of ACC-M cells was significantly stronger than single group.@*CONCLUSION@#Garlic oil can effectively induce the apoptosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-M. The effect of garlic oil combined with 5-FU on ACC-M cells was stronger than the garlic oil, 5-FU used alone.
Subject(s)
Humans , Allyl Compounds , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Fluorouracil , Pharmacology , Sulfides , PharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the application of isokinetic muscle testing in identification of the faked paralysis to provide scientific data for establishing a standard system of muscle strength in forensic medicine identification.@*METHODS@#Fifty-seven patients with bone fracture or nerve damage as damaged group and 128 normal subjects pretended paralysis as faked paralyzed group were included in this study. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed on bilateral knees of all subjects in the two groups. The peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA) were compared between both sides in each group. The features of torque-time graph of two groups were classified.@*RESULTS@#In the damaged group, the differences of PT between two sides of flexors and extensors were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the dif- ferences of PTA were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In faked paralyzed group, the differences of PT and PTA between two sides of flexors and extensors were both statistically significant (P<0.05). The torque-time graph of damaged knee presented mostly as single lead peak, while torque-time graph of the faked paralyzed knee presented mostly as multiple peaks.@*CONCLUSION@#The feature of torque-time graph could be useful to identify the faked paralyzed extremities in forensic authentication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Knee Joint/physiopathology , Muscle Strength , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Muscles , TorqueABSTRACT
Objective To study the application of isokinetic muscle testing in identification of the faked paralysis to provide scientific data for establishing a standard systemof muscle strength in forensic medicine identification. Methods Fifty-seven patients with bone fracture or nerve damage as damaged group and 128 normal subjects pretended paralysis as faked paralyzed group were included in this study. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed on bilateral knees of all subjects in the two groups. The peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA ) were compared between both sides in each group. The fea-tures of torque-time graph of two groups were classified. Results In the damaged group, the differences of PTbetween two sides of flexors and extensors were statistically significant (P0.05). In faked paralyzed group, the differences of PTand PTA between two sides of flexors and extensors were both statistically significant (P<0.05). The torque-time graph of damaged knee presented mostly as single lead peak, while torque-time graph of the faked paralyzed knee presented mostly as multiple peaks. Conclusion The feature of torque-time graph could be useful to identify the faked paralyzed extremities in forensic authentication.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study.@*METHODS@#Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential (MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition.@*RESULTS@#Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low.@*CONCLUSION@#There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electrodes, Implanted , Electromyography , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Neural Conduction/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , ToesABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 on intraembryonic AGM stromal cells, and the change of its enzymatic activity after irradiation injury. The expression of APN/CD13 on AGM stromal cells was assayed by RT-PCR and immunihistochemistry. After the stromal cells in AGM region were irradiated with 8.0 Gy of (60)Co gamma-rays, APN/CD13 enzymatic activity was measured by spectrophotometer at different time points. The result showed that AGM stromal cells strongly expressed APN/CD13. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 decreased temporarily after irradiation injury, then increased to higher level 4 h after irradiation, and it returned to the pre-irradiation level 24 to 48 h after the irradiation. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 was temporarily enhanced after irradiation injury, which might be one of the compensatory mechanisms that promote the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 on intraembryonic AGM stromal cells, and the change of its enzymatic activity after irradiation injury.The expression of APN/CD13 on AGM stromal cells was assayed by RT-PCR and immunihistochemistry. After the stromal cells in AGM region were irradiated with 8.0 Gy of 60Co γ-rays, APN/CD13 enzymatic activity was measured by spectrophotometer at different time points. The result showed that AGM stromal cells strongly expressed APN/CD13. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 decreased temporarily after irradiation injury, then increased to higher level 4 h after irradiation, and it returned to the pre-irradiation level 24 to 48 h after the irradiation. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 was temporarily enhanced after irradiation injury, which might be one of the compensatory mechanisms that promote the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway in regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of hemangioblasts derived from aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hemangioblasts were isolated from AGM region of 11-day postcoitum (dpc) murine embryos by using the immuno-magnetic with CD34 and Flk1 monoclonal antibodies. The phenotypic analysis of hemangioblasts and AGM-derived stromal cells were detected by flow cytometry. The secretion of Shh was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The roles of Shh in regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of hemangioblasts in the transwell non-contact coculture system with AGM-derived stromal cells were observed by adding exogenous Shh N-Terminus and its antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The protein of Shh was highly expressed on AGM-derived stromal cells. The proliferation of hemangioblasts was promoted when co-cultured with AGM-derived stromal cells, and the effects of the latter could be blocked by antibody of Shh. The proliferation of hemangioblasts was strengthened further and kept for a long time without differentiation and apoptosis when exogenous Shh N-Terminus was added into the transwell non-contact co-culture system with AGM-derived stromal cells. When exogenous Shh N-Terminus was added into the cultural supernatant of hemangioblasts without AGM-derived stromal cells, the hemangioblasts were observed to be induced to apoptosis or differentiation after a short time of proliferation. Furthermore, the ability of migration could be promoted in the co-cultured hemangioblasts by adding exogenous Shh N-Terminus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shh pathway probably involves in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration of hemangioblasts, and is regulated by the AGM microenvironment.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adrenal Glands , Cell Biology , Aorta , Cell Biology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Embryo, Mammalian , Cell Biology , Hedgehog Proteins , Metabolism , Hemangioblasts , Metabolism , Physiology , Mesonephros , Cell Biology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the significance of mitosis checkpoint gene chfr expression in acute leukemia (AL). 2 ml of bone marrow were extracted from each of 46 AL patients and 10 normal donors as control and their mononuclear cells were isolated. Then, their chfr expression was detected by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Normal control blood samples were also analyzed. The results showed that in 15 out of 28 cases of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and 13 out of 18 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia expression of chfr gene mRNA and protein significantly decreased as compared with control. The cytogenetic analysis of patients with a decreased Chfr expression revealed abnormal chromosome. In conclusion, Chfr gene is a leukemia-related gene and may play an important role in leukemia pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow Cells , Metabolism , Cell Cycle Proteins , Genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Genetics , Metabolism , Mitosis , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Ubiquitin-Protein LigasesABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the clinical features and therapy of Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL) combined with invasive aspergillosis. A series of examination, including routine blood and bone marrow picture analysis, chest roentgenography, cranial computerized tomography and detection of cell genetics etc were carried out for a Ph(+)ALL patient combined with invasive aspergillosis. This patient received chemotherapy with DVCP, idarubicin and imatinib mesylate and was treated with sporanox and amphotericin B (Amb; including Amb-L) and cerebrotomy for drainage because the invasive aspergillosis occurred during myelosuppression. The results showed that patient gained complete remission and the invasive aspergillosis was controlled successfully. It is concluded that patient with Ph(+)ALL has poor prognosis despite intensive conventional chemotherapy, imatinib mesylate may prove to be an effective treatment for Ph(+)ALL. Because detection rate of the fungus is very low, itraconazole in combination with surgical excision of focus is the best treatment of lung and brain invasive aspergillosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Aspergillosis , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Benzamides , Brain Diseases , Microbiology , Imatinib Mesylate , Itraconazole , Therapeutic Uses , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Drug Therapy , Piperazines , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Genetics , Microbiology , PyrimidinesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of Mcl-1 gene in resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) of leukemia cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Long-term, intermittent and repetitive exposure of HL-60 cells to ATRA was used to establish a multidrug-resistance cell line (HL-60/ATRA). HL-60/ATRA cells were transfected with Mcl-1 small interference RNA (siRNA) by Lipofectamine 2000. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Mcl-1. The proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation were evaluated by MTT assay, in situ nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and NBT assay, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HL-60/ATRA could keep its undifferentiated and proliferative status to a high concentration of ATRA (100 nmol/L) with highly expressed Mcl-1 protein (relative grey scale 0.624 +/- 0.127). Mcl-1 gene knockdown by siRNA (relative grey scale 0.267 +/- 0.086) could reverse the resistance of ATRA of HL-60/ATRA by inhibiting proliferation, and inducing differentiation and apoptosis [apoptosis rate (18.5 +/- 4.5)%].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mcl-1 gene might be involved in ATRA resistance in HL-60 cells and inhibiting its expression could be a new approach to ATRA resistance reversion.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Genetics , Cell Differentiation , Genetics , Cell Proliferation , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , HL-60 Cells , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Tretinoin , PharmacologyABSTRACT
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), we performed HSCT in 30 patients with hematologic maligancies. Of the 30 patients, 10 underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT), 13 underwent myeloablative allogeneic HSCT while 7 underwent nonmyeloablative allogeneic HSCT, which were designated as autologous group, myeloablative group and nonmyeloablative group, respectively. All patients except the one who underwent cord blood transplantation, were successfully engrafted. Median time for the granulocytes > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelets > or = 20 x 10(9)/L were 12 days and 13 days respectively in autologous group, 16 days and 19 days in myeloablative group, 15 days and 12 days in nonmyeloablative group. In myeloablative group, acute graft-versus-host diseases (aGVHD) was observed in 3 patients, all of which were I-II grade. Oral mucous cGVHD was observed in 1 patient. In nonmyeloablative group, 1 patient developed intestinal aGVHD grade IV and cutaneous cGVHD was induced by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in 3 patients. 1 patient had hematological relapse in autologous group. 1 patient had cytogenetic relapse in myeloablative group. In nonmyeloablative group 3 patients had cytogenetic relapse and were cured by DLI, 1 patient had hematological relapse. 4 of the 30 patients died of infection (2 patients), grade IV aGVHD (1) and relapse (1) respectively. 26 patients are still alive. 3 years overall survival (OS) and 3 years disease free survival (DFS) were 100% and 64.81% respectively in autologous group, 78.75% and 63% respectively in myeloablative group while both 66.67% in nonmyeloablative group. In conclusion, autologous group had less transplant-related complications and mortality. Active prophylaxis of relapse could significantly promote DFS. The transplant-related mortality limited DFS in myeloablative group. More relapses occurred in nonmyeloablative group, but could be cured by DLI.
Subject(s)
China/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Graft vs Host Disease/epidemiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Leukemia/surgery , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/surgery , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/surgery , Lymphoma/surgeryABSTRACT
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), we performed HSCT in 30 patients with hematologic maligancies. Of the 30 patients, 10 underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT), 13 underwent myeloablative allogeneic HSCT while 7 underwent nonmyeloablative allogeneic HSCT, which were designated as autologous group, myeloablative group and nonmyeloablative group, respectively. All patients except the one who underwent cord blood transplantation, were successfully engrafted. Median time for the granulocytes > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelets > or = 20 x 10(9)/L were 12 days and 13 days respectively in autologous group, 16 days and 19 days in myeloablative group, 15 days and 12 days in nonmyeloablative group. In myeloablative group, acute graft-versus-host diseases (aGVHD) was observed in 3 patients, all of which were I-II grade. Oral mucous cGVHD was observed in 1 patient. In nonmyeloablative group, 1 patient developed intestinal aGVHD grade IV and cutaneous cGVHD was induced by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in 3 patients. 1 patient had hematological relapse in autologous group. 1 patient had cytogenetic relapse in myeloablative group. In nonmyeloablative group 3 patients had cytogenetic relapse and were cured by DLI, 1 patient had hematological relapse. 4 of the 30 patients died of infection (2 patients), grade IV aGVHD (1) and relapse (1) respectively. 26 patients are still alive. 3 years overall survival (OS) and 3 years disease free survival (DFS) were 100% and 64.81% respectively in autologous group, 78.75% and 63% respectively in myeloablative group while both 66.67% in nonmyeloablative group. In conclusion, autologous group had less transplant-related complications and mortality. Active prophylaxis of relapse could significantly promote DFS. The transplant-related mortality limited DFS in myeloablative group. More relapses occurred in nonmyeloablative group, but could be cured by DLI.